Your heart is a complicated muscle, but some parts are refreshingly straightforward. Case in point: Your heart rate, also known as your pulse. Your pulse changes with your activity levels — it can go sky-high in the middle of a HIIT workout, or when you’re very nervous before a meeting or interview. It’s generally slower when you’re calm and relaxed.
But your resting heart rate has little to do with your activity level at any given moment. It’s about how hard your heart has to “work” while you’re just relaxing. I spoke with Dr. Sadeer Al-Kindi, MD, a preventative cardiologist at Houston Methodist, to find out what a healthy resting heart rate is and how to lower resting heart rate if it’s too high.
What Is Resting Heart Rate?
Your resting heart rate, or RHR, is the number of times your heart beats per minute while your body is at rest. This means fully at rest — sitting or lying down without movement. It’s generally measured in beats per minute, or BPM.
[Read More: How to Find Your Maximum Heart Rate]
Ironically, the more you raise your heart rate regularly and intentionally with exercise, the lower your resting heart rate might become. And that’s generally a good thing. Here’s all the information you’ll need.
Why Is Resting Heart Rate Important?
Your RHR is a measure of your heart health and overall health.
I’ll take you through a quick Q&A to give you the basics:
- A consistently higher heart rate (greater than 100BPM) — Dr. Al-Kindi explains that this “may indicate underlying arrhythmia or may be related to underlying health issues like heart disease.”
- A consistently low resting heart rate (less than 60BPM) — Dr. Al-Kindi says that this “can be healthy, especially in people who engage in exercise, but can sometimes signify a heart problem, such as heart blockage, or other health problems, such as thyroid disease.”
What about when your heart rate isn’t consistently under 60BPM or over 100BPM, but it still gets there?
Experiencing a fast heart rate at rest for extended periods of time is not just indicative of heart problems, but can actually lead to heart problems, including weakening of the heart muscle, Dr. Al-Kindi explains.
Ultimately, whether abnormally fast or slow, it’s in your best interest to get an idea of your resting heart rate. “It is important that the type of rhythm and the cause of abnormal resting heart rate be determined,” Dr. Al-Kindi explains.
[Read More: The Best Fitness Apps on the Market]
It’s imperative to see a healthcare provider if you’re experiencing a fast or slow heart rate accompanied by symptoms such as shortness of breath, chest pain, dizziness, or lightheadedness.
For fitness purposes, knowing your resting heart rate is helpful when establishing target heart rate zones. You can also use your RHR to find your heart rate variability and heart rate reserve.
What Is a Good Resting Heart Rate?
“Good” is subjective when it comes to resting heart rate. “Normal” is the word Dr. Al-Kindi uses here instead. Dr. Al-Kindi says the normal range is 60 to 100 beats per minute.
- Tachycardia refers to a resting heart rate above 100BPM.
- Bradycardia refers to a resting heart rate below 60BPM.
“Factors influencing resting heart rate include age, genetics, fitness level, body size, and health conditions,” Dr. Al-Kindi says. “Fitter individuals tend to have a lower resting heart rate due to a stronger heart muscle, while people with excess body weight tend to have a higher resting heart rate.”
[Read More: What Is Heart Rate Variability?]
Other factors, like anxiety and stress, infections, pain, and medications influence resting heart rate, too, explains Dr. Al-Kindi. Because of all this, it’s wiser to consider a normal heart rate range as opposed to a “good” or “bad” resting heart rate.
How To Find Resting Heart Rate
The best time to find your RHR is right when you wake up, before getting out of bed. This is because your heart rate will change throughout the day even when you are “at rest” — for instance, working at your desk. Even though you are sitting still while working, your heart rate may be higher due to stress and small movements, like fidgeting.
To find your resting heart rate:
- Find your pulse. The best place to feel your pulse is usually the side of your neck, just below your jaw.
- Place your index finger and middle finger where you can feel a strong pulse.
- Set a time for 60 seconds.
- Count the number of beats you feel in 60 seconds.
You can also wear a heart rate monitor or fitness tracker, such as a FitBit or Apple Watch, while you sleep to get RHR readings.
Tips for Lowering Your Resting Heart Rate
Does your resting heart rate consistently eclipse 100 beats per minute? If your healthcare provider has ruled out underlying medical causes, a few lifestyle changes may be in order.
Exercise Consistently
Engaging in regular physical activity, especially aerobic exercise, makes your heart stronger. Cardio workouts like walking, running, swimming, and cycling improve cardiovascular health and your baseline fitness.
[Read More: The Best Treadmills for Home, Tested and Picked by Our Experts]
Over time, your heart will strengthen and become more efficient at circulating blood. It won’t have to work as hard while you’re resting — thus, your RHR will decrease in time. (1)(2)
Try Mind-Body Exercise
Mind-body exercises like yoga and tai chi won’t strengthen your heart muscle in the way that more vigorous exercise does, but these forms of movement are valid ways to lower your resting heart rate. (3)(4)(5)
Such exercises have been linked to improved heart rate variability and lower blood pressure, at least in the short term. A long-term mind-body practice may reduce daily stress, which in turn may reduce your resting heart rate. (3)(4)(5)
Spend Time Outdoors
Spending time in nature is associated with a variety of improved mental and physical health markers, including heart rate. In fact, even watching videos of nature has been shown to improve heart rate variability and reduce stress, according to a 2022 study in Frontiers in Psychology. Getting outside for a walk is a great way to strengthen your heart and enjoy the relaxing properties of nature. (6)(7)(8)
Minimize Caffeine and Nicotine
Caffeine and nicotine both act as stimulants. A stimulant is a type of drug that amps up the nervous system and causes several physiological responses, including an increase in heart rate.
Research suggests that large doses of caffeine can cause your heart to beat faster temporarily. (9) However, if you’re in otherwise good heart health, you may not have to worry if you’re not exceeding a maximum daily dose of 400 milligrams.
[Read More: The Best Supplement Stacks, Tested and Reviewed]
As for nicotine, the drug is known to increase heart rate. Avoiding or minimizing consumption may help reduce your resting heart rate, as well as bring along a number of other health benefits. (10)
Avoid Alcohol
Like caffeine and nicotine, alcohol can cause a temporary increase in resting heart rate, including your heart rate while sleeping. Avoiding alcohol consumption can help keep your heart rate lower. Heavy, long-term alcohol consumption is associated with an increased risk of various forms of heart disease, including high blood pressure and stroke. (11)(12)
Reduce Stress
Keeping stress levels low may also keep your resting heart rate low. High stress levels have been associated with an uptick in heart rate, which occurs when your body releases stress hormones adrenaline and noradrenaline. Prolonged stress may also increase heart rate during sleep. (13)(14)
Prioritize Sleep
Quality sleep — and enough of it — is essential for overall health. Lack of sleep or sleep disturbance may affect your heart rate the next day, with studies showing that short sleep has been linked to a higher resting heart rate and an increased risk of heart disease. (15)(16)
[Read More: Want to Get Better Sleep? Here’s Everything You Need to Know]
Plus, if you get enough sleep, you’re more likely to exercise the next day and less likely to be stressed out — two things that can help keep your heart rate lower.
Maintain a Weight Range That Supports Heart Health
Higher-weight people may sometimes have higher resting heart rates than lower-weight people, though research does not always isolate factors clearly. To meet the metabolic demands of adipose tissue (body fat), your heart must increase the amount of blood it pumps out and receives back from the body. This can increase resting heart rate and the risk of atrial fibrillation (AFib), a potentially dangerous heart arrhythmia. (17)(18)
[Read More: Are There Foods That Burn Fat? The Science Behind the Weight Loss Claim]
A “healthy weight” looks different for everyone, so consider speaking with a qualified nutrition, fitness, and/or medical professional to learn what a healthy weight range is for you, and how to achieve it.
Stay Hydrated
Chronically low water intake may adversely impact cardiovascular function. Dehydration can cause a decrease in blood volume since you’re getting less water into your system. And one study in the American Journal of Physiology found that “Heart rate showed a significant and sustained fall after water drinking.” (19)
Eat a Heart-Healthy Diet
Taking care of your heart is the best way to ensure it beats healthily. Nutrition affects the overall health of your cardiovascular system. Eating a diet rich in whole grains, fruits, vegetables, and healthy fatty acids (omega-3s and omega-6s) is good for your heart and your heartbeat. The Mediterranean diet is a good example of a heart-healthy diet.
Takeaways
- A “normal” resting heart rate range is 60 to 100 beats per minute.
- A high RHR may be indicative of heart disease, heart attack, or other heart problems.
- Athletes may have resting heart rates as low as 40 beats per minute.
- You can achieve a lower heart rate by engaging in regular cardiovascular exercise.
- Avoiding caffeine and alcohol and reducing stress may lower your RHR.
Frequently Asked Questions
What is a good resting heart rate by age?
According to the Cleveland Clinic, the following ranges represent a healthy heart rate by age:
Newborns (birth to 4 weeks): 100 to 205BPM
Infant (4 weeks to 1 year): 100 to 180BPM
Toddler (1 to 3 years): 98 to 140BPM
Preschool (3 to 5 years): 80 to 120BPM
School-Age (5 to 12 years): 75 to 118BPM
Adolescents (13 to 18 years): 60 to 100BPM
Adults (18+): 60 to 100BPM
How long does it take to lower your resting heart rate?
Depending on what interventions are taken, your resting heart rate may decrease in a matter of days, or it could take weeks or months. It depends on why your heart rate is high in the first place. If your heart rate is high due to a medical condition, proper treatment and/or medication may return your heart rate to normal quickly. If you’re trying to lower your heart rate via lifestyle changes like exercise, expect measurable reductions to take a few weeks.
What causes a high resting heart rate?
A high resting heart rate can be caused by some forms of cardiovascular disease; certain medications (including some cholesterol and blood pressure medications, as well as certain antibiotics, and asthma medications); anxiety and stress; pain; stimulants; and less-than-optimal fitness levels.
Can you fix a high resting heart rate?
Absolutely. You can reduce your resting heart rate by implementing a number of lifestyle changes, such as getting regular exercise, maintaining a healthy weight, and managing stress.
Some causes of high heart rate may need to be medically treated and carefully managed. Talk to a doctor or cardiology provider if you’re experiencing an abnormal heart rhythm and/or symptoms like dizziness, shortness of breath, or chest pain.
Editor’s Note: The content on BarBend is meant to be informative in nature, but it should not be taken as medical advice. When starting a new training regimen and/or diet, it is always a good idea to consult with a trusted medical professional. We are not a medical resource. The opinions and articles on this site are not intended for use as diagnosis, prevention, and/or treatment of health problems. They are not substitutes for consulting a qualified medical professional.
References
- Reimers AK, Knapp G, Reimers CD. Effects of Exercise on the Resting Heart Rate: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Interventional Studies. J Clin Med. 2018;7(12):503.
- Nystoriak MA, Bhatnagar A. Cardiovascular Effects and Benefits of Exercise. Front Cardiovasc Med. 2018;5:135.
- Krishna BH, Pal P, G K P, et al. Effect of yoga therapy on heart rate, blood pressure and cardiac autonomic function in heart failure. J Clin Diagn Res. 2014;8(1):14-16.
- Zou L, Sasaki JE, Wei GX, et al. Effects of Mind⁻Body Exercises (Tai Chi/Yoga) on Heart Rate Variability Parameters and Perceived Stress: A Systematic Review with Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. J Clin Med. 2018;7(11):404.
- Kaleeswari G, Kalyani CV, Jayarani JS, Rohilla KK. Effect of yoga on pulse rate and blood pressure among women. J Family Med Prim Care. 2021;10(10):3670-3674.
- Jimenez MP, DeVille NV, Elliott EG, et al. Associations between Nature Exposure and Health: A Review of the Evidence. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021;18(9):4790.
- Nejade RM, Grace D, Bowman LR. What is the impact of nature on human health? A scoping review of the literature. J Glob Health. 2022;12:04099.
- Benz ABE, Gaertner RJ, Meier M, et al. Nature-Based Relaxation Videos and Their Effect on Heart Rate Variability. Front Psychol. 2022;13:866682.
- Grgic, J., Grgic, I., Pickering, C., Schoenfeld, B. J., Bishop, D. J., & Pedisic, Z. (2020). Wake up and smell the coffee: caffeine supplementation and exercise performance-an umbrella review of 21 published meta-analyses. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 54(11), 681–688.
- Price LR, Martinez J. Cardiovascular, carcinogenic and reproductive effects of nicotine exposure: A narrative review of the scientific literature. F1000Res. 2019;8:1586.
- Pabon E, Greenlund IM, Carter JR, de Wit H. Effects of alcohol on sleep and nocturnal heart rate: Relationships to intoxication and morning-after effects. Alcohol Clin Exp Res. 2022;46(10):1875-1887.
- Piano MR. Alcohol’s Effects on the Cardiovascular System. Alcohol Res. 2017;38(2):219-241.
- Azza Y, Grueschow M, Karlen W, Seifritz E, Kleim B. How stress affects sleep and mental health: nocturnal heart rate increases during prolonged stress and interacts with childhood trauma exposure to predict anxiety. Sleep. 2020;43(6):zsz310.
- Chu B, Marwaha K, Sanvictores T, et al. Physiology, Stress Reaction. [Updated 2022 Sep 12]. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2024 Jan
- Mezick EJ, Matthews KA, Hall MH, Richard Jennings J, Kamarck TW. Sleep duration and cardiovascular responses to stress in undergraduate men. Psychophysiology. 2014;51(1):88-96.
- Nagai M, Hoshide S, Kario K. Sleep duration as a risk factor for cardiovascular disease- a review of the recent literature. Curr Cardiol Rev. 2010;6(1):54-61.
- Itagi ABH, Jayalakshmi MK, Yunus GY. Effect of obesity on cardiovascular responses to submaximal treadmill exercise in adult males. J Family Med Prim Care. 2020;9(9):4673-4679.
- Foy AJ, Mandrola J, Liu G, Naccarelli GV. Relation of Obesity to New-Onset Atrial Fibrillation and Atrial Flutter in Adults. Am J Cardiol. 2018;121(9):1072-1075
- Brown CM, Barberini L, Dulloo AG, Montani JP. Cardiovascular responses to water drinking: does osmolality play a role?. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol. 2005;289(6):R1687-R1692.
Featured Image: Iammotos / Shutterstock